... form¹

It can be shown that this characteristic is general for small-angle multiple-scattering distributions using screened Rutherford cross sections. Molière's theory is just one expression of that property [6].

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... unity²

When $\sigma(\chi)$ is used in its small-angle approximation and the small-angle integral is convergent, the form $\tilde{\sigma}(\chi) = \sigma(\chi)/\int_0^\infty {\rm d}\chi\,\chi \sigma (\chi)$ may be used.

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... maximum³

If we take into account terms proportional to $\langle \chi^4 \rangle$ and higher in the evaluation of $Q_l$, $l_{max}$ is shifted towards even larger values of $l$.

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... power⁴

Any energy-loss mechanism may be used so long as its first two derivatives exist. However, we are anticipating use of the multiple-scattering distributions in a Class II condensed history scheme where events below some threshold are considered to be grouped and those above the threshold are treated discretely.

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